Histogram analysis of based on two-dimensional ultrasound images to differentiate medullary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid adenoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and value of histogram analysis based on two-dimensional gray-scale ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and thyroid adenoma (TA). Methods: The preoperative ultrasound images of 86 newly diagnosed MTC patients and 100 TA patients treated in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2015 to October 2021 were collected. Histograms were performed based on the regions of interest (ROIs) delineated manually by two radiologists, thereafter, mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, percentiles (1st, 10th, 50th, 90th, 99th) were generated. The histogram parameters between the MTC group and the TA group were compared, and the independent predictors were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the individual diagnostic efficacy and joint diagnostic efficacy of independent predictors. Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed that mean, skewness, kurtosis and 50th percentile were independent factors. The skewness and kurtosis in the MTC group were significantly higher than those in the TA group, and the mean and 50th percentile were significantly lower than those in the TA group. The area under the individual ROC curve of mean, skewness, kurtosis and 50th percentile is 0.654-0.778. The area under the combined ROC curve is 0.826. Conclusion: Histogram analysis based on two-dimensional gray-scale ultrasonography is a promising tool to distinguish MTC from TA, in which the joint diagnosis value of mean, skewness, kurtosis and 50th percentile is the highest.

Expression of serum inflammatory cytokines in patients with thyroid tumor and their correlation with thyroid hormones / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To explore the expression of serum inflammatory factors in patients with thyroid tumor and their correlation with thyroid hormones.Methods:A total of 92 patients with thyroid tumors (48 cases of thyroid cancer and 44 cases of thyroid adenoma) admitted to Department of Endocrinology in Linyi Central Hospital in Shandong Province from Jan. 2020 to Oct. 2021 were enrolled. 50 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were enrolled in the control group. The serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , interleukin-17 (IL-17) ] and thyroid hormone expression levels [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , free thyroxin T4 (FT4) , free triiodothyronine (FT3) ] of the three groups were detected. Analysis of variance was used for multi-group comparison, independent sample t test was performed for comparison between groups, Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis were made for the risk factors of thyroid cancer. The expression of serum inflammation and thyroid hormones in patients with different stages of thyroid cancer was observed. Results:Serum TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 from high to low were in the thyroid cancer group (74.61±7.94 ng/L, 68.65±7.05 ng/L, 20.52±2.84 ng/L) , thyroid adenoma group (26.97±3.42 ng/L, 46.31±5.31 ng/L, 13.61±1.58 ng/L) , control group (18.82±2.63 ng/L, 34.52±4.02 ng/L, 8.97±1.06 ng/L) ( F=1596.271, 468.602, 423.351, all P<0.001) ; Serum TSH levels from high to low were in the thyroid cancer group (8.64±1.34 mU/L) , the thyroid adenoma group (5.21±1.02 mU/L) , the control group (3.94±0.85 mU/L) ( F=242.182, P=0.000) . There was no significant difference in serum FT4 or FT3 levels among the three groups ( P=0.753, 0.634) . Correlation analysis indicated that serum TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 were positively correlated with the expression level of serum TSH ( r=0.936, 0.726, 759, all P<0.05) . The expression level of TNF- α, IL-17, IL-6 and TSH was significantly higher in patients of stage III and IV than that in patients of stage I and II ( t=2.541, 4.394, 6.390, 4.962, P=0.015, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested serum TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and TSH were all risk factors for thyroid cancer. Conclusions:Serum inflammatory factors and some thyroid hormones (TSH) are generally highly expressed in patients with thyroid tumors, the expression levels of serum inflammatory factors are correlated with the expression of TSH. There are statistically significant differences in the expression levels of serum inflammatory factors and TSH between patients with thyroid cancer of different stages, serum inflammatory factors and TSH are also involved in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer, and are risk factors for thyroid cancer.

Ultrasonic identification and regression analysis of 294 thyroid follicular tumors

Context: We analyzed the clinical features and ultrasound image features of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA). Aims: This study aimed to identify ultrasonographic differences and correlations between FTC and FTA. Meanwhile, ultrasonographic manifestations of thyroid follicular tumor were also retrospectively analyzed. Settings and Design: Using pathological results as the gold standard, the clinical and ultrasonic image characteristics of FTA and FTC were statistically analyzed, and the differences were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A total of 304 patients who were diagnosed with FTC or FTA by pathology after thyroidectomy from March 2009 to March 2018 were enrolled in this study. Their ultrasonic images were analyzed; image features were extracted and correlation analyses for these features were conducted. Differences in ultrasonic images between FTC and FTA were also compared. Statistical Analysis Used: Independent sample t-test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; A Chi-square test: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: When performing ultrasound diagnosis, attention should be paid to identify FTC and FTA in terms of age, nodular goiter conditions, nodular boundary conditions, internal echo, calcification, blood flow signals, thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) grading and cystic solidity conditions. Moreover, a multivariate logistic regression showed that the boundaries were unclear, and cystic degeneration, TI-RADS, hypoecho, nodular goiter, macrocalcification and microcalcification were associated with FTC. Among them, macrocalcification is a protective factor for thyroid follicular tumors, and other indicators are risk factors. Conclusion: Ultrasound can provide valuable information for the identification of follicular neoplasms, but further research in this area is still necessary

The Difference in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels between Differentiated Carcinoma and Benign Enlargement

Abstract Introduction Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma are common head and neck cancers. This cancer expresses a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor that plays a role as a cancer stimulant substance. This hormone has a diagnostic value in the management of thyroid carcinoma. Objective The present study aimed to determine the difference in TSH levels between differentiated thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid enlargement. Methods The present research design was a case-control study. The subjects were patients with thyroid enlargement who underwent thyroidectomies at the Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Thyroid stimulating hormone levels were mea- sured before the thyroidectomies. The inclusion criteria for the case group were: 1) differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and 2) complete data; while the inclusion criteria for the control group were: 1) benign thyroid enlargement, and 2) complete data. The exclusion criteria for both groups were: 1) patients suffering from thyroid hormone disorders requiring therapy before thyroidectomy surgery, 2) patients receiving thyroid suppression therapy before the thyroidectomy was performed, and 3) patients suffering from severe chronic diseases such as renal insufficiency, and severe liver disease. Results There were 40 post-thyroidectomy case group patients and 40 post-thyroidect- omy control group patients. There were statistically significant differences in TSH levels between the groups with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid enlargement (p = 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 8.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.19-36.50). Conclusion Based on these results, it can be concluded that there were significant differences in TSH levels between the groups with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid enlargement.

Histopathological Audit of Thyroid Lesions: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objectives: The present study aims to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in thyroidectomy specimens received in the Pathology Department of Ibn-e Sina Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. Materials and methods: In the current research all the thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy specimen from any age, sex were included. Previously diagnosed cases with any neoplastic lesions were excluded from the research. The biopsy registers were reviewed and different lesions were categorized. Age and sex-wise variations of the lesions were noted. The study proposal was reviewed and accepted by the hospital ethical committee. Statistical analysis was done using the frequency distribution table in the Microsoft Excel Office. Results: A total of 1465 cases presented with thyroid nodule were histopathologically examined. Among these cases 1169 cases were diagnosed as simple goiter, 146 as adenoma and 86 cases were proved to be malignant tumors. These 86 malignant cases were comprised of papillary thyroid carcinoma (n=43) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (n=43). While 64 cases were categorized as “other”. Conclusion: The majority of the thyroid nodules are either non-neoplastic or benign neoplasm. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas share equal prevalence in Pakistani society according to the findings of the present study.

The analysis of genetic and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with follicular thyroid neoplasm / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To explore the molecular characteristics of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and investigate their role in tumorigenesis, differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in patients with follicular thyroid neoplasm.@*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed 50 surgical resection samples of follicular thyroid neoplasm. DNA was obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, and subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze 50 hotspots for mutation in genes.@*Results@#47 samples passed quality control, including 29 FVPTCs, 8 FTAs and 10 FTCs. 75.9% of FVPTCs harbored mutated genes: BRAF V600E (31.0%, 9/29) was the most frequent, followed by TP53 (27.6%, 8/29), and N/KRAS (20.7%, 6/29). In contrast, 37.5% (3/8) FTAs carried NRAS Q61R mutation with 12.5% (1/8) FTA carrying mutated BRAF G466E. 20% (2/10) FTCs harbored NRAS Q61R mutation, and 20% (2/10) FTCs with TP53 mutations. BRAF V600E gene mutation only appeared in FVPTC, and was associated with age of onset and lymph node metastasis. There was no significant correlation between N/KRAS mutations and clinical pathologic features. Patients with lymph node metastasis group seems to have more TP53 mutation.@*Conclusions@#BRAF V600E gene mutation can be used to identity FVPTC from FTA/FTC. N/KRAS mutations cannot be used as the exclusive indicator of benign and malignant in thyroid follicular tumor. TP53 mutations play an important role in the process of follicular thyroid neoplasm, indicating more aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.

Efecto combinado de la interacción genética sobre el desarrollo del bocio nodular con tiroiditis autoinmune y adenoma tiroideo en los habitantes de Bucovina del Norte / Combined effect of gene-gene interaction on the development of nodular goiter with autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid adenoma in the inhabitants of Northern Bukovyna

ABSTRAC This article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the combined influence of genetic polymorphisms associated with various links of apoptosis regulation (BCL-2, CTLA-4 and APO-1/Fas) on the development of nodular goiter with autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid adenoma in the studied population. The analysis was performed using the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) method by calculating the prediction potential. Graphic models of gene-gene interaction with the highest cross-validation consistency created by the MDR method showed complex "synergistic or independent" impact of polymorphic loci of the CTLA-4 (+49G/A), Fas (-1377G/A) and BCL-2 (63291411 A>G) genes on the onset of thyroid pathology in general, or its individual types (nodular goiter with autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid adenoma) in the population of Northern Bukovyna.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis exhaustivo de la influencia combinada de polimorfismos genéticos asociados a diversos enlaces en la regulación de la apoptosis (BCL-2, CTLA-4 y APO-1/FAS) sobre el desarrollo de bocio nodular con tiroiditis autoinmune y adenoma tiroideo en la población estudiada. Para ello, se utilizó el método de reducción de dimensionalidad multifactorial (MDR) mediante el cálculo de los potenciales de predicción. Los modelos gráficos de interacción gen-gen con la mayor consistencia de validación cruzada creada por el método MDR mostraron un complejo impacto «sinérgico o independiente¼ de los loci polimórficos de los genes CTLA-4 (+49G/A), FAS (-1377G/A) y BCL-2 (63291411A>G) en el inicio de la patología tiroidea en general, o sus tipos individuales (bocio nodular con tiroiditis autoinmune y adenoma tiroideo) en la población de Bucovina septentrional.

Thyroid adenoma in the piriform fossa: a case report and literature review / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical characteristics of case of thyroid adenoma in the piriform fossa, and review the literatures of the congentital thyroid gland abnormality.@*Methods@#A 44-year-old male had foreign body feeling in his pharynx for 3 years. A mass in his left piriform fossa was detected by the clinical and imaging examination. Biopsy report that the mass was thyroid papillary carcinoma. The resection of tumor with partial back thyroid cartilage through lateral neck and pharyngeal approach was performed.@*Results@#The surgical wound healed in first-stage and no any surgical complication occurred. With postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examination, the mass was finally diagnosed as thyroid gland adenoma. Staining for cytokerantin19 was negative.@*Conclusion@#The symptomatic and neoplastic abnormal thyroid gland should be excised, but asymptomtic, non-neoplastic and functional abnormal thyroid gland should be retained with regular follow up.

Analysis of 1120 cases of thyroid cancer with thyroid disease / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the clinical changing trend and CT imaging diagnosis of thyroid cancer associated with thy-roid disease .Methods 1 120 cases of thyroid cancer patients admitted in our hospital in the past 10 years were selected and devided into different groups according to their admission times :patients admitted before 2003 were in one group;from 2003 on ,patients were divided into groups according to their admission time by a time span of 2 years ;then the changing trend and CT imaging diag-nosis of thyroid carcinoma with nodular goiter (NG) ,thyroid adenoma (TA) and merger trend of Hashimoto′sthyroiditis (HT ) of different times were compared and analyzed .Results There were 518 cases of papillary carcinoma(46 .25% ) ,345 cases of follicular adenocarcinoma ,(30 .80% ) ,158 cases of medullary carcinoma (14 .11% ) ,99 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma (8 .84% ) in 1120 patients .The occurrence rate of thyroid carcinoma with nodular goiter (NG) in 2009-2010 ,2011-2012 and the occurrence rate of thyroid carcinoma with HT in 2007-2008 ,2009-2010 ,2011-2012 were significantly higher than that of 2005-2006 (P<0 .05) . Take 2007-2008 as the deviding line of thyroid combined TA ,and it shows that the occurrence rate increased continuously before this line and started to drop down after that .CT of thyroid cancer shows uneven low-density imaging ,blur edge ,and inhomogeneous enhancement .The CT characteristics differ from different diseases .Conclusion In recent years the incidence rates of thyroid with nodular thyroid and HT increased significantly compared with the years before ,while incidence rate of TA decreased .

Nódulos com diagnóstico de padrão folicular: marcadores biológicos são o futuro? / Nodule diagnosed as follicular patterned lesion: are biomarkers the promise?

Com o uso da ultra-sonografia de alta resolução, a prevalência de nódulos tem aumentado e, conseqüentemente, o número de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF), que é o método de escolha para diagnóstico inicial. Um dos maiores dilemas clínicos para o citologista é o diagnóstico diferencial das lesões foliculares comumente agrupadas na classe padrão folicular. Neste artigo de revisão, discutiremos quais são as lesões que podem ser assim classificadas e os marcadores moleculares, identificados por nós ou por outros grupos, que são capazes de distinguir as lesões benignas das malignas.

There are an increasing number of thyroid nodules found by ultrasound and sampled by fine needle aspiration (FNA). A clinical problem is the accurate distinction between benign and malignant forms of follicular lesion. In this review we discuss the thyroid lesions that are common sources of diagnostic error, and grouped together as follicular patterned lesion, and the molecular markers identified by us and others, and that are able to distinguish the benign from the malignant ones.

The Different Expression of Tn-C、CD44v6 in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma and Follicular Thyroid Adenoma / 医学研究杂志

0.05).Tn-C、CD44v6 were negative expression in group C.Conclusion Tn-C、CD44v6 protein are useful in early diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma.

A Case of Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Raised Alpha-Fetoprotein In a Patient with Thyroid Adenoma / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) which belong to the group of sex-cord stromal tumors is a rare ovarian tumor. It usually develops the symptom of masculinization by excessive testosterone from the Leydig cell. In most cases, SLCTs are unilaterally localized (97-98%) and prognosis prove generally favorable with 5-year survival rate (79-90%). Recurrence is rare after a complete resection as well. Rare SLCTs secrete the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). There is a increasing tendency for the SLCTs that have heterologous elements and low differentiation to secrete the AFP, which is useful in diagnosis of recurrence. The association of a thyroid adenoma and a SLCT has been described rarely. The relation between these two tumors has been suggested on the basis of a relatively high incidence of thyroid adenomas in the presence of such an uncommon ovarian neoplasm. It seems likely that this tumor complex is genetically determined by the aspect of familial neoplastic syndromes. We experienced a case of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with AFP-producing Sertoli cells in a 33-years old woman who has past history of thyroid adenoma, amenorrhea and a huge abdominal mass. Therefore, we present it with a brief review of literature.

Modified ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection for treating cystic thyroid adenomas / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To assess the technique, efficacy, security and side effects of percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI) in treating the cystic thyroid adenomas. Methods: Fifty seven patients(male 34, female 23) with unilateral and solitary benign cystic thyroid adenoma received PEI therapy under high resolution ultrasound guidance. The medial age of the patients was 47 years(ranging 29 62). The mean diameter in the largest section of the thyroid adenomas was (37.55?5.64) mm(17 59 mm). The thyroid lesions in 12 patients consisted of cystic lumen mixed with solid structure, and the rest 45 had entire cystic thyroid lesions. Ultrasound reexamination of thyroid lesions was done 3 months after the initial treatment. Significant curative effect was defined as an adenoma volume shrinkage rate larger than 50%. The efficacious result was defined as a volume shrinkage rate between 40% and 50% together with a further shrink over a 6 month duration follow up. Those patients with adenoma volume shrinkage rate less than 40% underwent a second PEI after 6 months. Results: Over a mean duration of 25.5 months follow up, 66.7% subjects with entirely cystic had significant curative outcome; 19.3% subjects had efficacious result; and 9.8% subjects needed a second PEI and their thyroid lesions contained more solid tissue. There were 5.3% subjects were transfered to open surgery due to colloid cyst fluid. Twenty one patients complained of intraoperative local transient pain; 15 patients had transient pyrexia in the 48 h after injection, and 3 patients were affected by post operative transient dysphonia. No serious bleeding were encountered, and no apparent change of serum T 3,T 4,TSH level was observed. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided PEI therapy is an effective, safe and simple procedure for the ablation of cystic thyroid adenoma. Careful selection of subjects according to their preoperative thyroid ultrasonographies can reduce the unsuccessful PEI. A selective volume of ethanol injection consistent with the adenoma size on sonograms and a thorough flush with ethanol can improve the efficacy of PEI.

Expression of P27~kipl and mutant P53 protein in thyroid tumors / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To study the expression of P27kipl and mutant P53 protein in thyroid tumors, and to understand the relationship between the biological behavior and prognosis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Methods: We used S-P immunohistochemical technique to study the expression of P27kipl and mutant P53 protein in 60 cases of thyroid tumors, including 40 cases of malignant tumors and 20 cases of benign tumors. Categorical data were analyzed by using X2 tests. All reported significance levels were two-tails. The software system used for statistical analysis was SPSS10. 0. Results: In benign and malignant tumors, P27kipl protein positive expression was detected in 18 of 20 benign cases (90. 0%) and 24 of 40 malignant cases (60. 0% ) respectively(P P

A Case of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / 대한내분비학회지

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is the association of neoplastic transformation of parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic islet cells. This syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. A 38-year-old woman presented with general weakness and mental changes. She had experienced same symptoms 7 years ago, after then her weight gradually increased. Insulinoma was suspected by markedly decreased blood glucose level (20mg/dL) and the increased insulin/glucose ratio (0.43) that sampled in emergency room at the time of mental change. Unusually large pancreatic tail mass and Lt, adrenal gland mass were detected by abdominal CT. Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization with insulin sampling showed sudden step up of insulin/glucose ratio at the middle portion of pancreas. Measuring of basal pituitary hormones as a screening procedure of MEN showed increased basal prolactin level. Combined pituitary stimulation test showed blunted response of prolactin to TRH and sellar magnetic resonance imaging showed intrasellar mass. Thyroid nodule was palpated on her anterior neck. Thyroid scintigram showed cold nodule, and there was no lymphadenopathy around the nodule by the thyroid sonogram. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed benign hyperplastic follicular cells only. Serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone level were normal. Under the impression of MEN type I, the distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, Lt. thyroid lobectomy and Lt. adrenalectomy was performed at the same time. Histologic examination of the surgically removed tissues revealed pancreas islet cell tumor, adrenal cortical adenoma and thyroid adenoma. Transient hyperglycemia was developed after surgical intervention, but thereafter she never felt any symptoms of hypoglycemia till now and her blood glucose showed completely normal level with oral glucose tolerance tests. We present this case with a review of literature.

A Case of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

In 1903 Erdheim reported multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) by autopsy, and in 1954 Wermer reported a familial occurrence of multiple tumors which were associated with neoplastic transformation of parathyroid, pituitary and pancreatic islet cells. This complex association of abnormalities is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and related to tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11. In a 38-year-old woman with epigastric discomfort, general weakness and mental change, a pituitary gland tumor was diagnosed with sella magnetic resonance imaging and combined pituitary stimulation test. a pancreas insulinoma, an adrenal gland cortical adenoma and a thyroid adenoma were confirmed by pathology and they were diagnosed with biochemical test, CT scan, percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization with insulin sampling, thyroid sonogram and scintigram. The blood glucose level was normalized after operation. In the 6 months follow up study, she has not presented any symptoms of hypoglycemia so far. Authors present this case briefly with a review of literature.

DETERMINATION OF THYROID-STIMULATING ANTIBODIES WITH CYCLIC AMP ACCUMULATION INDUCED BY UNFRACTIONATED SERUM USING CULTURED HUMAN THYRIOD CELLS / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Thyroid-stimulating antibodies were determined with cyclic AMP accumulation induced by unfractionaled serum using cultured human thyroid cells. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies were found in 83.3% (25/30) of patients with Graves' disease without treatment, 43.8% (7/16) of patients with Graves' disease during antithyroid treatment, 4% (1/25) of normal people and none of patients with simple goitre or thyroid adenoma. The results indicate that determination of thyroid-stimulating antibodies using this method is sensitive and characteristic in patients with Graves' disease.

Expression of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in thyroid tumor and its clinical significance / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of C-erbB-2 and anti-nuclear antigen Ki-67 in thyroid tumor, and its significance in pathologic diagnosis and prognosis the patient. Methods SP immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in thyroid tissue of 90 cases of thyroid carcinoma and 20 cases of thyroid adenoma. Results High expression of both C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in thyroid carcinoma, and their expression was weak in thyroid adenoma. The positive rate of C-erbB-2 expression in thyroid carcinoma was statistically higher than that in thyroid adenoma (48.9% vs 20.0%, P